The Evolution of Parental Care
Tim H. Clutton-Brock
Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik / Naturwissenschaften allgemein
Beschreibung
Synthesizing studies of parental care in a wide variety of animals, this book is the first attempt to provide general answers to the following important questions: Why does the extent of parental care vary so widely between species? Why do only females care for eggs and young in some animals, only males in others, and both parents in a few? To what extent is parental care adjusted to variation in its benefits to offspring and its costs to parents? How do parents divide their resources between their sons and daughters? In this book separate chapters examine the evolution of variation in egg and neonate size, of viviparity and other forms of bearing, and of differences in the duration of incubation, gestation, and lactation. The book reviews theoretical and empirical predictions concerning the evolution of parental care and examines the extent to which these are supported by empirical evidence. The author examines the distribution of parental care among offspring, reviews the empirical evidence that parents invest to different extents in their sons and daughters, and discusses the degree to which parents manipulate the sex ratio of their progeny in relation to the availability of resources.
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Bird, Brood parasite, Oviparity, Mouthbrooder, Obligate, Mate choice, Precocial, Caregiver, Inbreeding, Predation, Ovoviviparity, Cooperative breeding, Asexual reproduction, Crop milk, Gamete, Directional selection, Nest, Spermatophylax, Natural selection, Sex ratio, Anisogamy, Evolution, Sex allocation, Incubation period, Parasitism, Reproductive value (population genetics), Human sex ratio, Larva, Altricial, Birth order, Mammal, Mammary gland, Fetus (biology), Sexual reproduction, Reproductive success, Sexual dimorphism, External fertilization, Gestation, Reproduction, Fertilisation, Egg incubation, Sperm, Reproductive system, Brood pouch (Peracarida), Paternal care, Offspring, Intromittent organ, Egg, Fertility, Birth, Mating, Weaning, Spermatophore, Longevity, Biological constraints, Operational sex ratio, Hatchling, Prenatal development, Sexual selection, Gestation period, Slit (gene family), Internal fertilization, Parental investment, Fecundity, Lactation, Parental care in birds, Female, Viviparity, Embryo, Placentalia